Donald Trump is found liable for fraud in his real-estate dealings

The purpose of a trial is to find facts and assign fault. But for civil lawsuits in which the evidence is unassailable, parties can ask a judge to skip the fact-finding and cut to the punishment. So it was in the fraud case brought by New York’s attorney-general, Letitia James, against Donald Trump in state court. On September 26th the presiding judge agreed with prosecutors that for years Mr Trump had misled lenders about the value of his properties in Florida, New York and Scotland to secure better terms on his loans. Inaccuracies of the kind unearthed by prosecutors and backed up with “indisputable” evidence, wrote Arthur Engoron in a withering judgment, “can only be considered fraud”. This was, he ruled, not a matter of “rounding errors or reasonable experts disagreeing”.

Mr Trump denies all allegations and will appeal against the ruling; his lawyer called it “outrageous” and “completely disconnected from the facts”. The process of appeal will probably drag out over years. But if the judgment is ultimately upheld, parts of Mr Trump’s business operation may be dismantled. Judge Engoron ordered the cancellation of corporate licences that enable the Trump Organisation to operate in New York. Mr Trump’s properties would come under the control of a receiver and “could be put up for forfeiture by the state”, says Catherine Christian, a lawyer at Liston Abramson and former prosecutor in the Manhattan district-attorney’s office.