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Abstract

Introduction

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Representative Results

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Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Biology

Forberedelse og opdræt af axeniske insekter med vævskulturerede frøplanter til værts-tarm-mikrobiotainteraktionsundersøgelser af bladbaglen

Published: October 8th, 2021

DOI:

10.3791/63195

1State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, 2Institute of Plant Protection, Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, 3McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin

For at opnå et axenisk insekt steriliseres dets ægoverflade, og den klækkede larve opdrættes efterfølgende ved hjælp af axeniske blade. Denne metode giver en effektiv måde til axenisk insektforberedelse uden at administrere antibiotika eller udvikle en kunstig kost, som også kan anvendes på andre bladspisende insekter.

Insektindvolde koloniseres af forskellige bakterier, der kan påvirke værtens fysiologiske træk dybt. Introduktion af en bestemt bakteriestamme i et axenisk insekt er en kraftfuld metode til at verificere tarmens mikrobielle funktion og belyse de mekanismer, der ligger til grund for tarmmikrobe-værtsinteraktioner. Administration af antibiotika eller sterilisering af ægoverflader er to almindeligt anvendte metoder til at fjerne tarmbakterier fra insekter. Ud over de potentielle bivirkninger af antibiotika på insekter viste tidligere undersøgelser imidlertid, at fodring af antibiotika ikke kunne eliminere tarmbakterier. Således anvendes kimfri kunstige kostvaner generelt til at opretholde axeniske insekter, hvilket er en kedelig og arbejdskrævende proces, der ikke fuldt ud kan ligne ernæringsmæssige komponenter i naturlig mad. Beskrevet her er en effektiv og enkel protokol til forberedelse og vedligeholdelse af axeniske larver af en bladbille (Plagiodera versicolora). Specifikt blev overflader af billeæggene steriliseret, hvorefter kimfrie poppelblade blev brugt til at bagakseniske larver. Insekternes axoniske status blev yderligere bekræftet via kulturafhængige og kulturuafhængige analyser. Samlet set blev der ved at kombinere ægdesinfektion og kimfri dyrkning udviklet en effektiv og bekvem metode til at opnå axenisk P. versicolora, hvilket giver et let overførbart værktøj til andre bladspisende insekter.

I lighed med pattedyr er insektets fordøjelseskanalen et hulrum til fordøjelse og absorption af fødevarer. De fleste insekter har forskellige kommensale bakterier, der trives i deres tarme og lever af ernæring leveret af værter1. Tarmkommensalsamfundet har en dybtgående indvirkning på flere fysiologiske processer i insekter, herunder fordøjelse og afgiftning af fødevarer 2,3,4, ernæring og udvikling 5,6,7, forsvar mod patogener og parasitter....

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1. Insektopdræt

  1. Oprethold P. versicolora-populationen i et vækstkammer ved tilstanden 27 ° C og 70 ± 5% relativ luftfugtighed med en fotoperiode på 16 timer lys / 8 timer mørk. Læg dem i perforerede plastkasser med flisebelagt vådt absorberende papir og fodre dem friske poppelgrene. Sprøjt rent vand på absorberende papir for at opretholde fugt og skifte grene hver anden dag.
  2. Isoler voksne til oviposition efter hvalp. Foder dem ømme blade for at få flere æg.
  3. .......

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Livsstadierne i P. versicolora er vist i figur 1. Den voksne han er mindre end den voksne hun (figur 1A). I marken klynger billen sine æg på et blad; her blev fire æg løsrevet fra et blad (figur 1B). Poppelstammesegmenterne og kimplanterne, der anvendes til axenisk insektopdræt, er vist i figur 2. Tarmen hos en 3. instar larve er vist i figur 3, og .......

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Fremstilling af kimfrie larver og opnåelse af gnobiotiske larver ved at genindføre specifikke bakteriestammer er kraftfulde metoder til at belyse de mekanismer, der ligger til grund for værtsmikrobeinteraktioner. Nyklækkede larver opnår tarmmikrobiota på to hovedmåder: vertikal transmission fra moderen til afkom eller vandret erhvervelse fra søskende og miljøet34. Førstnævnte kan opfyldes ved forældreoverførsel til afkom gennem forurening af ægoverfladen35. De.......

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Dette arbejde blev finansieret af National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971663) og Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program af CAST (2020QNRC001).

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
0.22 µm syringe filtersMilliporeSLGP033RB
1 mg/mL NAA stock solutiona. Prepare 0.1 M NaOH solution (dissolve 0.8 g NaOH in 200 mL of distilled water).
b. Add 0.2 g NAA in a 250 mL beaker, add little 0.1 M NaOH solution until NAA dissolved, and adjust the final volume to 200 mL with distilled water.
c. Filter the solution to remove bacteria with a 0.22 µm syringe filter and a 50 mL sterile syringe, subpackage the solution in 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and restore at -20 °C.
1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubesSangon BiotechF600620
10x PBS stock solutionBiosharp Life SciencesBL302A
2 M KOH solutionDissolve 22.44 g KOH (molecular weight: 56.1) in 200 mL of distilled water and autoclave it for 20 min at 121 °C.
250 mL and 2,000 mL beakersShubosb16455
50 mL sterile syringesJintaJT0125789
500 mL measuring cylinderShubosb1601
50x TAE stock solutiona. Dissolve 242 g Tris and 18.612 g EDTA in 700 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust pH to 7.8 with about 57.1 mL of acetic acid.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL.
d. The stock solution was diluted to 1x TAE buffer when used.
75% ethanolXingheda trade
α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)Solarbio Life Sciences86-87-3
Absorbing paper22.3 cm x 15.3 cm x 9 cm
Acetic acidSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
AgarCoolaber9002-18-0
AgaroseBiowest111860
AutoclavePanasonicMLS-3781L-PC
Bead-beating homogenizerJing XinXM-GTL64
DNA extraction kitMP Biomedicals116560200
EDTASaiguo Biotech1340
Filter paperJiaojie70 mm diameter
Gel electrophoresis unitBio-rad164-5052
Gel Signal Green nucleic acid dyeTsingKeTSJ003
Germ-free poplar seedlingsShan Xin poplar from Ludong University in Shandong Province
Golden Star Super PCR Master Mix (1.1×)TsingKeTSE101
Growth chamberRuihuaHP400GS-C
LB agar mediuma. Dissolve 5 g tryptone, 5 g NaCl, 2.5 g yeast extract in 300 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the final volume to 500 mL, transfer the solution to a 1,000 mL conical flask, and add 7.5 g agar.
c. Autoclave the medium for 20 min at 121 °C.
Mini centrifugeDRAGONLABD1008
MS basic mediumCoolaberPM1121-50LM0245
MS solid medium for germ-free poplar seedling culturea. Dissolve 4.43 g MS basic medium powder and 30 g sucrose in 800 mL of distilled water.
b. Adjust the pH to about 5.8 with 2 M KOH by a pH meter.
c. Adjust the final volume to 1,000 mL, separate into two parts, transfer into two 1,000 mL conical flasks, and add 2.6 g agar per 500 mL.
d. Autoclave for 20 min at 121 °C.
NanoDrop 1000 spectrophotometerThermo Fisher Scientific
Paintbrush1 cm width, used to collect the eggs
ParafilmBemisPM-996
PCR Thermal CyclersEppendorf6331000076
Petri dishesSupin90 mm diameter
pH meterMETTLER TOLEDOFE20
Pipettes 0.2-2 µLGilsonECS000699
Pipettes 100-1,000 µLEppendorf3120000267
Pipettes 20-200 µLEppendorf3120000259
Pipettes 2-20 µLEppendorf3120000232
Plant tissue culture containerChembaseZP21240 mL
Plastic box2.35 L
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Primers for amplifying the bacterial 16S rRNA geneSangon Biotech27-F: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’, 1492R: 5’-ACGGATACCTTGTTACGAC-3’
Sodium chloride (NaCl)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Steel balls0.25 mmused to grind tissues
StereomicroscopeOLYMPUSSZ61
SucroseSinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd
Trans2K plus II DNA markerTransgene BiotechBM121-01
Tris baseBiosharp Life Sciences1115
TryptoneThermo Fisher Scientific LP0037
UV transilluminatorMonad BiotechQuickGel 6100
VortexerScilogexMX-S
Willow branchesSha Lake Park, Wuhan, China
Willow leaf beetleHuazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
Yeast extractThermo Fisher ScientificLP0021

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